![]() ![]() Accordingly, only in the most extreme conditions of rearing do attachments fail to develop, such as in those who have been severely neglected ( Boris, Hinshaw-Fuselier, Smyke, Scheeringa, Heller, & Zeanah, 2004 Zeanah et al., 2004) or in those raised in institutional settings ( Smyke, Dumitrescu, & Zeanah, 2002 Tizard & Rees, 1975 Zeanah, Smyke, Koga, Carlson, & BEIP Core Group, 2005). Specifically, our species has evolved in such a way as to expect that infants will be cared for by a capable caregiver, one who can ensure survival. These findings demonstrate that foster care is an important intervention to address the effects of early adverse rearing conditions.Īttachment theory implies that the formation of a preferred attachment between infant and parent reflects the activity of “experience expectant” neural systems ( Greenough, Black, & Wallace, 1987). Further, cognitive status predicted greater likelihood of organized attachment for children in the Care as Usual/Institution group and greater likelihood of secure attachment in the foster care group and the never institutionalized group. In addition, children placed into foster care earlier showed more likelihood of being organized in their relationships with their caregivers. Importantly, children placed in foster care before 24 months were more likely to have secure attachments with their caregivers. Attachment classifications for children randomly assigned to foster care were markedly different from those of children who received care as usual, particularly at the extremes of the classifications (Secure and Insecure-other). Attachment was assessed using ratings of attachment behavior in the Strange Situation Procedure at 42 months of age. These groups were compared to a group of family-reared children recruited from pediatric clinics (never institutionalized group). ![]() The first two groups had been placed in institutions soon after birth, assessed comprehensively and then randomly assigned to either care as usual, including institutionalization (care as usual/institutional group) or to foster care (intervention group). This study examined classifications of attachment in three groups of children in Bucharest, Romania at age 42 months. ![]()
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